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What separates API specifications from a programming guide are examples, definitions of common programming terms, certain conceptual overviews (such as metaphors), and descriptions of implementation bugs and workarounds. The comments should not document bugs or how an implementation that is currently out of spec happens to work. This means that the doc comments must satisfy the needs of the conformance testing by SQA.

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The Java API Specification should contain assertions sufficient to enable Software Quality Assurance to write complete Java Compatibility Kit (JCK) tests.

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We have guidelines for how to prominently document implementation differences. Exceptions must be set apart and prominently marked as such. Unless otherwise noted, the Java API Specification assertions need to be implementation-independent. It is recognized that current specifications don't always live up to this ideal. In the absence of explicit indication to the contrary, all objects are assumed to be 'thread-safe' (i.e., it is permissible for multiple threads to access them concurrently). The specification should describe (textually) the thread-safety guarantees provided by a given object. It does not describe implementation details, such as whether the method is native or synchronized. The Specification describes all aspects of the behavior of each method on which a caller can rely. The Java Platform API Specification is a contract between callers and implementations. In particular, specifications that are lengthy are sometimes best formatted in a separate file and linked to from a doc comment. Notice that the specification does not need to be entirely contained in doc comments.

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The Java Platform API Specification is defined by the documentation comments in the source code and any documents marked as specifications reachable from those comments. The following are guiding principles we try to follow:

This definition is a lofty goal and there is some practical limitation to how fully we can specify the API.

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This may include assertions in the doc comments plus those in any architectural and functional specifications (usually written in FrameMaker) or in any other document. Ideally, the Java API Specification comprises all assertions required to do a clean-room implementation of the Java Platform for 'write once, run anywhere' - such that any Java applet or application will run the same on any implementation. This is why developers often need to turn to other documents, such as Java SE Technical Documentation and The Java Tutorials for programming guides. A staff with generous resources can afford to blend both into the same documentation (properly 'chunked') however, our priorities dictate that we give prime focus to writing API specifications in doc comments. These two targets are described in the following sections. Thus, there are commonly two different ways to write doc comments - as API specifications, or as programming guide documentation. We spend time and effort focused on specifying boundary conditions, argument ranges and corner cases rather than defining common programming terms, writing conceptual overviews, and including examples for developers. To this end, our target audience is those who write Java compatibility tests, or conform or re-implement the Java platform, in addition to developers. Our documentation comments define the official Java Platform API Specification.

Troubleshooting Curly Quotes (Microsoft Word)Īt Java Software, we have several guidelines that might make our documentation comments different than those of third party developers.

Tag Conventions ( Documenting Default Constructors.

For the required semantic content of documentation comments, see Requirements for Writing Java API Specifications.

For reference material on Javadoc tags, see the Javadoc reference pages.

It does not rehash related material covered elsewhere: This document describes the style guide, tag and image conventions we use in documentation comments for Java programs written at Java Software, Oracle.